Southernwood: A Fragrant Mediterranean Herb for North American Gardens
If you’ve ever brushed against a silvery-leafed plant and been greeted by an intensely aromatic, almost lemony scent, you might have encountered southernwood (Artemisia abrotanum). This charming perennial shrub has been winning over gardeners for centuries with its delightfully fragrant foliage and easygoing nature.
What is Southernwood?
Southernwood is a perennial shrub in the Artemisia family, known for its finely divided, silvery-gray leaves that release a powerful fragrance when touched. Also known by the synonym Artemisia procera, this multi-stemmed woody plant typically grows as a compact shrub, usually staying under 13-16 feet in height, though most garden specimens remain much smaller and more manageable.
Native Status and Geographic Distribution
Originally hailing from southern Europe and the Mediterranean region, southernwood is not native to North America. However, it has established itself across a wide range of the continent, reproducing spontaneously in the wild and persisting without human intervention. You can find it growing in numerous states and provinces including Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Why Gardeners Love (and Sometimes Question) Southernwood
There’s a lot to appreciate about this aromatic herb, but like any non-native plant, it comes with considerations:
The Appeal:
- Intensely fragrant foliage that’s perfect for potpourri and natural pest deterrent
- Attractive silvery-gray, feathery texture that adds visual interest
- Small yellow flower clusters in late summer that attract bees and beneficial insects
- Extremely drought tolerant once established
- Low maintenance and forgiving of poor soils
- Hardy in USDA zones 4-8, making it suitable for most temperate regions
The Considerations:
- As a non-native species, it doesn’t provide the same ecological benefits as indigenous plants
- Can self-seed and spread in some conditions
- May not support native wildlife as effectively as regional alternatives
Growing Southernwood Successfully
The good news? Southernwood is refreshingly easy to grow, making it perfect for beginning gardeners or anyone who wants a low-fuss aromatic plant.
Ideal Growing Conditions:
- Sunlight: Full sun for best growth and fragrance
- Soil: Well-drained soil is essential; it actually prefers poor to average soil over rich, fertile ground
- Water: Drought tolerant once established; avoid overwatering
- Climate: Thrives in USDA hardiness zones 4-8
Planting and Care Tips:
- Plant in spring after the last frost date
- Space plants 2-3 feet apart to allow for mature spread
- Water regularly during the first growing season to establish roots
- Prune annually in early spring to maintain shape and encourage fresh growth
- Avoid fertilizing – southernwood prefers lean conditions
- Propagate through cuttings in summer or by division in spring
Garden Design and Landscape Role
Southernwood shines in several garden settings. It’s a natural fit for herb gardens, where its aromatic qualities and Mediterranean heritage make it a classic choice. The silvery foliage creates beautiful contrast in cottage gardens and works wonderfully as a textural element in perennial borders. Its drought tolerance also makes it valuable for xerophytic or water-wise landscapes.
Consider using southernwood as a low hedge, a specimen plant, or grouped with other aromatic herbs like lavender and rosemary for a fragrant garden experience.
Pollinator and Wildlife Benefits
While southernwood does produce small yellow flowers in late summer that attract bees and other beneficial insects, its wildlife value is limited compared to native alternatives. The plant primarily benefits pollinators during its blooming period but doesn’t provide the year-round ecological support that indigenous plants offer.
Native Alternatives to Consider
If you’re interested in supporting local ecosystems while still enjoying aromatic, drought-tolerant plants, consider these native alternatives:
- Wild bergamot (Monarda species) for fragrant foliage and pollinator appeal
- Native sages (Salvia species) for aromatic leaves and beautiful flowers
- Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) for similar feathery texture and hardiness
- Regional native artemisias like white sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana)
The Bottom Line
Southernwood can be a delightful addition to the right garden, especially if you value aromatic plants and low-maintenance growing. While it’s not native to North America, it’s not considered invasive or problematic in most areas. However, whenever possible, consider incorporating native plants that provide similar aesthetic appeal while supporting local wildlife and ecosystems. Whether you choose southernwood or a native alternative, you’ll be adding a wonderful fragrant element to your garden that’s sure to delight your senses for years to come.
